Basic science knowledge in elementary school

Popular Science Compilation

1. How much garbage is produced in my country each year? (More than 80 million tons) and at what rate is it growing each year? (10%)

2. What harm does garbage do? (1. Pollution of soil, groundwater, air, etc., affecting urban environment and living conditions of residents, occupying valuable land resources.)

3. In January 195, a world-shaking smog in London, England, killed more than 10,000 people in two months. What is cause of smog in London? (Exhaust pollution from coal combustion) < /p>

4. At Cape Helena, closest to South Pole in South America, almost all animals are blind: if a sheep gets cataracts and becomes a blind sheep, hunter will easily pick up blind hare and bring it back. .The family enjoys blessing of food. Wild birds flying in sky mistakenly enter people's houses due to poor eyesight and cannot determine direction. Even river fish are blind. Many people living here are suffering. from diseases such as skin cancer and cataracts. Slowly, crop is dwindling, please. Why is that?

(The ozone layer over this area is severely damaged due to too much solar ultraviolet radiation)

5. How high above earth is ozone layer? (0–30 km)

6. What is main cause of ozone layer depletion? (the result of volatilization of chemical materials used by man, such as freon, into air)

7. When is International Ozone Day celebrated annually? (September 16)

8. Does excessive UV damage cause most morbidity? (keratitis, cataract)

What is a population of 900 or 100 million? Here are some striking statements: If Chinese stand on equator of earth hand in hand, how many times will they be able to go around earth? (50 times); (780,000 times); tons); how many tons of meat? (40,000 tons).

10. What types of pollution exist in a modern living room? (Pollution of human body, pollution of building materials, pollution of household appliances, pollution of kitchen

Interesting scientific knowledge

1. A planet without a sun.

Rogue planets are planets that float in universe and do not orbit stars.

2. In ancient times there were huge dragonflies.

Meganeur appeared about 300 million years ago, size of a seagull and a wing length of about 65 cm. Insects do not usually reach this size, and scientists are still trying to understand why they can grow so large.

3. Millions of years ago, day was shorter than it is now because of moon.

Due to change in distance between our Earth and Moon, rotation of Earth has slowed down. It used to happen so fast that days were getting shorter. Then there were about 385 days in a year, less than 23 hours in a day. And this is confirmed by geological data.

4. There is practically no sugar substitute (Splenda) in world.

Sucralose, main chemical component of sugar substitutes, was discovered when scientistsHe asked his colleagues to "test this chemical." His colleagues heard test (test) as a taste (taste), and then they learned. He was also lucky that it was only sucralose and not other toxic substances.

5. There is a mysterious cave in Minnesota.

The Devil's Cauldron has a waterfall that flows into a deep hole in rock below, but no one knows where it goes.

6. A fire whirlwind is very similar to a water tornado.

Swirling winds can pick up fire and water, but they create a flaming tornado.

7. The record for highest cliff is recorded on a specific satellite.

The highest cliff, known as Verona Rupes, is located on Uranus' moon Miranda. According to measurements, its height reaches 5-10 kilometers, which is about 10 times depth of Grand Canyon. Due to star's low gravity, it takes a whopping 12 minutes to reach bottom.

8. For an asteroid to cause a catastrophe, it does not have to "hit" Earth.

In 1908, an asteroid crashed into Earth's atmosphere and landed in central Russia. Although it collapsed at an altitude of 8.5 km, it produced 150 shock waves with power of Hiroshima and destroyed 800 square miles of Siberian forests.

9. All planets of solar system are at a distance from us to moon.

The diameter of all planets in solar system is about 376,369 kilometers, which sounds like a very long time. The distance between Earth and Moon is 384,955 kilometers, which is quite close!

10. Once upon a time, Mediterranean Sea dried up almost to point.

About 5.3 million years ago, Mediterranean Sea was completely cut off from other seas as a result of a structural shift. In fact, it starts to evaporate. But when Strait of Gibraltar was opened, Atlantic Ocean began to pour seawater into Mediterranean Basin, causing a flood known as Zanqueline Flood.

11. The Sun's atmosphere is hotter than Sun itself.

The solar atmosphere, or corona, is about 600 times hotter than surface of Sun. Scientists are still figuring out why this is so.

12. In addition to rain, there will be "animals".

Animals can indeed fall from sky. Leading theories point to animals getting caught in waterspout and falling somewhere else. This image shows a "fish tornado" in Singapore in 1861.

13. The earth actually shares an orbit with "it".

Earth is following an object known as 2010 TK7, which also orbits Sun and is on same orbital path. This object, also known as Trojan, is only one orbiting Earth. It is not a satellite because satellites revolve around planet, not around sun.

14. There is a lake where lightning strikes all day long.

There are always lightning on Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. Scientists don't know why, but it seems that combination of airflow and local terrain causes a lot of thunderstorms.

15. There is an object in our solar system that looks liketo:

This elliptical dwarf planet, which can be viewed from three different vantage points, is called Haumea. It has this shape because it rotates very quickly, and rapid rotation distorts shape of a real planet.

16. Russia is bigger than Pluto.

The area of ​​Russia is 17 million square kilometers, while area of ​​Pluto is only 16.57 million square kilometers. You can wrap Russia around Pluto and still have some room left.

17. Lobsters can live a long time.

Lobsters die due to molting, eating or injury. They can live up to 70 years without showing old age. If three aforementioned death factors do not occur, they can continue to live forever.

18. You can use bread to measure strength of lightning.

The energy of one lightning bolt is enough to bake 100,000 loaves of bread.

Simple and interesting popular science knowledge

1. Approximately how many tons of water do people need to drink in a lifetime? (80 tons).

2. 200 ml of water flows out of tap in 15 minutes. Approximately 20 liters of water are poured per day. How many tons of water will be wasted in a year? (7 tons)

3. Give examples of how to generate electricity? (thermal energy, hydropower, wind power)

4. What are principles of environmental legislation? (The principle of prevention first and combination of prevention and control; principle of burden of pollutant; principle of environmental rights; principle of coordinated development; principle of public participation; principle of sustainable development. )

5. What level of animal protection is white-headed langur in my country? (Level 1)

6. Please indicate causes of 1998 Yangtze River Basin flood. (It is result of combined action of "natural disasters" and "man-made disasters." The direct cause of natural disasters is abnormal climate and excessive rainfall; main causes of man-made disasters are three aspects: first, destruction of surface vegetation and severe soil erosion. Second, constant reduction of rivers and lakes has led to a further reduction in storage capacity and discharge of flood water.Thirdly, necessary flood control measures have not kept up with them, and flood protection standards in cities are low)

7. How much did world's forest area decrease from 1980 to 1995? (180 million hectares)

8. Water scarcity has become a major problem facing urban development in my country. According to statistics, more than 300 cities in my country are experiencing water shortages. How much economic loss does water scarcity cause in my country each year? What are economic losses? (more than 10 billion yuan, more than 40 billion yuan)

9. What is percentage of fresh water resources in Earth's water resources? (3%)

10. What is current proportion of polluted rivers in my country? (90%)

11. With population growth, water resources have become globallyth problem. The world's per capita water supply today is down 1/3 from what it was 25 years ago. May I ask how many countries have been affected by phenomenon of water scarcity in world today? A country? (80 countries)

12. Mercury, cadmium, chromium, lead and arsenic belong to a class of pollutants that are very harmful to human body and are called "five poisons". Once these pollutants enter sewage pond, they are taken up by plankton. Small fish eat plankton, big fish eat small fish, and humans eat polluted fish. Pollutants will gradually accumulate in human body. We call it what is relationship? (Food chain contamination)

13. According to scientists, global climate is gradually warming up. What is main reason for climate warming? (Human production activities emit large amounts of carbon dioxide)

14. If something is missing? All life on earth will die out, man is no exception? (air and water)

15. What harm does carbon monoxide cause to human body? (The human body relies on hemoglobin in blood, which carries oxygen to various tissues and organs. After inhaling colorless, odorless carbon monoxide, it enters human blood. The ability is 250 times stronger than that of oxygen. It quickly captures place where oxygen combines with hemoglobin in blood, causing hypoxia in brain and body, and can cause death in a short time)

16. Smoke and dust are particulate matter in an atmosphere of small diameter. Those smaller than 10 microns can float in air for a long time. , dust)

17. In 1990s, due to severe air pollution, a city in north of my country was covered in smoke and dust and lost traces on satellite photographs. What's name of this town? (Benxi City)

18. When is World Environment Day celebrated annually? (June 5)

19. What is polluter pays principle? (Who pollutes must be treated, and who develops must be protected)

20. The seven main water systems in my country are polluted to varying degrees. Arrange them in order of degree of pollution (in following order: Liaohe River, Haihe River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, Songhua River, Pearl River). river, Yangtze River)